Wastewater resource application is the future development direction of sewer treatment and is likewise an unpreventable need for sustainable human growth. Raw material drawn out from sewage or sludge, such as minerals and phospholipids, can be utilized as printing and coloring basic materials, main adsorbents, and biological flocculants. It is utilized in water treatment, agriculture, cultivation, the paper market, treatment, the building market, and various other areas and has fantastic relevance. Reusing value.
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There are lots of kinds of microbes in the remaining sludge. Therefore, the materials drawn out from it should be a mixture of numerous polymer substances. Whether they are intracellular or extracellular polymer materials, they all have common energetic teams, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and phosphate. Groups and other useful teams. The presence of these teams allows the removed polymer materials to be utilized as hefty metal ion adsorbents.
As a tidy therapy modern technology, ultrasonic waves do not call for the addition of chemicals throughout the action and will not trigger additional contamination. Ultrasonic waves can distribute flocs in the water phase, and the cavitation result can break large fragments into small particles. Ultrasound is an energy-intensive treatment technique, and its largest drawback is its high energy usage, which limits the opportunity of useful applications. Surfactant has a solubilizing effect, which can wash off proteins on the cell membrane, enhance the permeability of the cell membrane by impacting the osmotic stress, and heighten the damage to the sludge floc. In addition, surfactant activity can advertise the extraction of EPS from remaining sludge, change the cell structure, and affect sludge residential properties.
Surfactant-enhanced ultrasonic approaches can be made use of to remove natural polymer materials and as a pretreatment technique to lower energy consumption. The boost in the extraction amount of PSs from the continuing to be sludge under the activity of surfactant-enhanced ultrasound results from the launch of raw material because of floc fragmentation and cell dissolution.
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First, surfactants, such as anionic (such as salt dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and cationic (such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), are made use of to boost the relationship in between sludge and polymer materials. Communications in between. They can lower the surface stress of sludge, making it less complicated for polymer materials to divide from sludge.
Subsequently, ultrasound is introduced to boost the removal impact better. The strong vibration and shock waves produced by ultrasonic waves can damage the structure of sludge and tear cell walls, thereby launching more polymer substances. Additionally, ultrasound can likewise promote the interaction in between surfactants and polymer materials, making the removal process extra effective.
Throughout the removal procedure, it is likewise necessary to optimize the experimental parameters, such as the frequency, power, and action time of ultrasonic waves, to achieve the most effective extraction effect.
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In general, surfactant-enhanced ultrasonic extraction of polymer materials in residual sludge is a reliable and cutting-edge method. It not just boosts extraction performance yet additionally assists expand the scope of resource utilization of staying sludge, offering new possibilities for the growth of sewage therapy and resource recuperation fields. Nonetheless, the practical application of this method needs further research study and optimization to address possible technological difficulties and financial problems.
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